Friday, March 29, 2024
Assalam Alaikum Wa Rahmatullah Wa Barakatahu

The Bath (al-Ghusl) :Those things which make it obligatory:

   

The Bath (al-Ghusl) :Those things which make it obligatory:

1) Semen coming out whilst awake or during sleep:

Because of his (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) saying:

“Taking a bath is binding if semen comes out.”[1]

And from Umm Salamah that Umm Sulaym said: “O Messenger of Allaah, Allaah is not shy of the truth, so is the bath binding upon the woman if she has a sexual dream.” He said: “Yes if she sees semen.” [2]

And having desire is a condition if a person is awake but not during sleep. Because of his (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) saying:

“If you ejaculate semen then take a bath from janaabah, but if you do not ejaculate it with force then do not take a bath.” [3]

ash-Shawkaanee [4] said: ‘al-hadhf means firing out, and it does not occur in this manner except as a result of desire and it contains a point of note that that which comes out without desire, either because of illness or severe cold, does not necessitate taking a bath.’

And whoever has a sexual dream and does not find semen, then there is no bath due upon him. And whoever finds semen but does not remember any sexual dream then taking a bath is upon him.

From `Aa·ishah-radiyallaahu `anhaa- that she said:

“Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) was asked about the man who finds liquid but does not remember any sexual dream, so he said: “He should take a bath.” And he was asked about a man who sees that he had intercourse in a dream but he does not find any liquid. So he (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) said:”There is no bath due upon him.” [5]

2) Sexual intercourse, even if he does not ejaculate:

From the hadeeth of Aboo Hurayrah -radiyallaahu `anhu- from the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) that he said: “If he sits between her four limbs, and he has intercourse with her, then the bath has become obligatory, even if he did not ejaculate.” [6]

3) An Unbeliever accepting Islaam:

From Qays ibn `Aasim that he accepted Islaam, so the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) ordered him to take a bath with water and lote-tree leaves. [7]

4) The cessation of the menstrual period and after-birth bleeding:

Because of the hadeeth of `Aa·ishah -radiyallaahu `anhaa- that the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) said to Faatimah bint Abee Hubaysh:

“When the menstrual period comes then leave off the Prayer; and when it departs, then take a bath and pray.” [8]

And after-birth bleeding is just like the menstruation period by consensus.

5) The day of Jumu`ah:

From the hadeeth of Aboo Sa`eed al-Khudree that the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) said: “Taking the bath for the Jumu`ah is obligatory upon every adult.” [9]

Its Pillars:

1) Intention: Because of the hadeeth:”Actions are but by intentions…” [10]
2) Covering the whole body with water.

Its recommended form:

From `Aa·ishah -radiyallaahu `anhaa- that she said:

‘When Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) took a bath from janaabah he would begin and wash his hands, then he would pour water with his right hand over his left hand and wash his genitals. Then he would perform the wudoo· in the manner in which he performed the wudoo· for the Prayer. Then he would take the water and enter his fingers into the roots of his hair until he saw that he had caused the water to reach all parts of it. Then he would take three handfuls of water and put it upon his head. Then he washed his feet.’[11]

Point of note:

It is not obligatory upon the woman to undo her hair when taking a bath from janaabah, but it is obligatory upon her to do that in the bath for the menstrual period.

From Umm Salamah -radiyallaahu `anhaa- that she said: ‘I said: “O Messenger of Allaah! I am a woman who ties my hair into plaits. Shall I undo it for the bath of janaabah?” He said: “No, it would suffice you to pour three handfuls of water upon your head, then make the water flow upon yourself, and you will be clean.” [12]

From `Aa·ishah -radiyallaahu `anhaa- that Asmaa· asked the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) about the bath from menstruation. So he said:

“One of you should take her water and her lote-tree leaves, so she should purify herself and purify herself in a good manner then she should pour it upon her head and strongly rub it in until she reaches the roots upon her hair. Then she should pour the water upon herself, then she should take a piece of cloth with musk upon it and clean herself with it.” So Asmaa· said: ‘How should she clean herself with it? so he said “Subhaanallaah! (How perfect is Allaah!) She should clean herself with it.”

So `Aa·ishah said to her, and it is as if she said it secretly to her: ‘You should wipe away the trace of blood with it.’

And she asked him about the bath of janaabah. So he said:

“She should take some water and purify herself, and clean herself in a good manner, or perform the purification fully. Then she should pour it upon her head, and rub it in until she reaches the roots of (the hair) upon her head. Then she should pour the water upon herself.” [13]

So this hadeeth clearly shows a difference between the bath which a woman takes from her menses, and her bath from the state of janaabah, since he emphasised upon the menstruating woman that she should exert in rubbing strongly, and in purifying, in a way in which he did not emphasis regarding her bath from janaabah. Just as the hadeeth of Umm Salamah is a proof that it is not obligatory to undo the hair in her bath from janaabah. [14]

And the basic rule is to undo the hair to make certain that the water reaches whatever is underneath it. Except that it has been pardoned in the bath of janaabah because of the fact that it happens repeatedly, and that it would create severe difficulty to have to undo it for that. Contrary to the bath after the menses because it happens only once a month. [15]

A point of note:

It is permissible for the two spouses to take a bath together in a single place, each of them looking at the private part of the other; because of the saying of `Aa·ishah - radiyallaahu `anhaa: ‘I used to take a bath, I and Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) from a single vessel, when we were in a state of janaabah.’ [16]

The recommended baths:

1-Taking a bath at each act of sexual intercourse:

Because of the hadeeth of Aboo Raafi` that one night the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) had relations with all of his wives in succession, taking a bath with this one, and with this one. He said: “O Messenger of Allaah! Why don’t you make it a single bath?” So he (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) said:

“This is purer, and better, and cleaner.” [17]

2- The woman who has continual bleeding taking a bath for every Prayer, or one bath for the Zuhr Prayer and `Asr Prayer together, and one bath for the Maghrib and the `Ishaa· Prayer together, and one bath for the Fajr Prayer.

Because of the hadeeth of `Aa·ishah -radiyallaahu `anhaa- that she said: “Umm Habeebah had continual bleeding in the time of Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) so he commanded her to take a bath for every Prayer….the hadeeth.” [18]

And in a narration from her a woman had continual bleeding in the time of Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) so she was commanded that she should bring the `Asr Prayer forward and delay the Dhur Prayer, and that she should take a single bath for both of them; and that she should delay the Maghrib Prayer and bring forward the `Ishaa· Prayer, and take a bath for the two of them, and that she should take a bath for the Dawn Prayer. [19]

3- Taking a bath after becoming unconscious:

Because of the hadeeth of `Aa·ishah -radiyallaahu `anhaa- that she said Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) became very ill. So he said: “Have the people prayed?” So we said: ‘No, they are waiting for you O Messenger of Allaah’. So he said: “Put some water in the tub for me.” She said so we did so. So he took a bath and then he tried to stand but he fell unconscious. Then he came around and he said: “Have the people prayed?” So we said: ‘No, they are waiting for you O Messenger of Allaah’. He said put some water for me in the tub. She said so we did so. So he took a bath then he tried to stand up and he fainted. Then he came around and he said:” Have the people prayed?” So we said: ‘No, they are waiting for you O Messenger of Allaah’. And she mentioned his sending a message to Aboo Bakr, and the completion of the hadeeth. [20]

4- Taking a bath after burying a Mushrik:

Because of the hadeeth of `Alee ibn Abee Taalib -radiyallaahu `anhu- that he came to the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) and he said: “Aboo Taalib has died.” So he (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) said: “Go and bury him.” So when I had buried him I came back to him, and he said to me: “Take a bath.” [21]

5- Taking a bath for the two `Eeds and for the Day of `Arafah:

Because of what al-Bayhaqee reported, by way of ash-Shaafi`ee: from Zaadhaan, who said: “A man asked `Alee -radiyallaahu `anhu- about the bath.” So he said: “Take a bath every day if you want to.” So he said: “No, the bath which is the bath.” He said: “The Day of Jumu`ah, and the Day of `Arafah, and the Day of Sacrifice, and the Day of Fitr.” [22]

6- Taking a bath after washing the dead:

Because of his (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) saying: “Whoever washes a dead person then let him take a bath.” [23]

7- Taking a bath for the state of Ihraam for `Umrah or Hajj:

Because of the hadeeth of Zayd ibn Thaabit that he saw the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) remove his (usual) clothes for entering the state of Ihraam, and he took a bath. [24]

8- Taking a bath to enter Makkah:

Because of the hadeeth of Ibn `Umar -radiyallaahu `anhu(maa)- that he had not used to come to Makkah except that he would spend the night at Dhee Tuwaa, and then enter the morning. So he would take a bath and then enter Makkah in the day time; and he mentioned from the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ) that he did it. [25]

Footnotes:

[1] Saheeh: [Mukhtasar Muslim (151), Muslim (1/269/343), Aboo Daawood (1/366/214)[2] Agreed upon: al-Bukhaaree (1/228/130), Muslim (1/251/313), at-Tirmidhee (1/80/122)[3] Its chain of narration is hasan saheeh: [Irwaa.ul-Ghaleel (1/162), Ahmad (1/247/82).[4]  Naylul Awtaar (1/275)[5] Saheeh: Saheeh Sunan Abee Daawood (216), at-Tirmidhee (1/74/113), Aboo Daawood (1/399/233)[6] Saheeh: [Mukhtasar Muslim (152)], Muslim (1/271/348)[7] Saheeh: [Irwaa.ul-Ghaleel (128), an-Nasaa.ee(1/109), at-Tirmidhee (2/58/602), Aboo Daawood (2/19/351)[8] Agreed upon: al-Bukhaaree (1/42/320), Muslim (1/262/333), Aboo Daawood (1/466/279), at-Tirmidhee (1/82/125), an-Nasaa.ee (1/186), and their wordings except for al-Bukhaaree is: ‘wash the blood away from yourself.’[9]Agreed upon: al-Bukhaaree (357/2/879), Muslim (2/580/846), Aboo Daawood (2/4 & 5 /337), an-Nasaa.ee (3/93), Ibn Maajah (1/346/1089)[10]Agreed upon: al-Bukhaaree, Muslim (1/204/226)

[11]Agreed upon.[12]Saheeh: [Irwaa·ul-Ghaleel (136), Muslim (1/259/330), Aboo Daawood (1/426/248), an-Nasaa·ee (1/131), atTirmidhee (1/71/105), Ibn Maajah (1/198/603).[13]Saheeh: [Mukhtasar Muslim (172)], Muslim (1/261/-61-332)[14]Tahdheeb Sunan Abee Daawood of Ibnul Qayyim.[15]Tahdheeb Sunan Abee Daawood of Ibnul Qayyim.[16]Hasan: Saheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah (480), Aboo Daawood (1/370/216), Ibn Maajah (1/194/590).[17]Hasan: [Saheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah (480)], Aboo Daawood (1/370/216), Ibn Maajah (1/194/590)[18]Saheeh: [Saheeh Sunan Abee Daawood (269)] Aboo Daawood (1/483/289)[19]Saheeh:[Saheeh Sunan Abee Daawood (273)] Aboo Daawood (1/487/291)[20]Agreed upon: Muslim (1/311/418), al-Bukhaaree (1/172/687)[21]Its chain of narration is Saheeh.[22][[Saheeh:al-Irwaa·:146]].[23]Saheeh:[Saheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah (1195), Ibn Maajah (1/470/1463).[24]Hasan: [Irwaa·ul-Ghaleel (149), at-Tirmidhee (2/163/831).

[25]Agreed upon: Muslim (2/919-227-1259)-and this is his wording, al-Bukhaaree (3/435/1573), Aboo Daawood (5/318/1848), at-Tirmidhee (2/172/854).

Source : Al-Wajeez, The Book Of Purification  –  Abdul-`Azeem ibn Badawee al-Khalafee, Translated by Abu Talhah Dawood Burbank . An excellent book on the rules and regulations of various acts of worship, with evidences from the Book and Sunnah. This chapter deals with water and aspects of purification, wudhoo, ghusl, the toilet etc

Related Linkhttps://abdurrahman.org/tahara-purification/

Compiled, edited and adapted by Khalid Latif,

www.thekhalids.org

 

 

 

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